ABSTRACT
Title of the Thesis	:	Performance of different crop sequences under raised-sunken bed land configuration in waterlogged conditions	
Name of the Student	:	Shakti Singh	
Registration No.	:	J-19-M-614	
Major Subject	:	Agronomy	
Name and Designation of Major Advisor	:	Dr. Vijay Bharti
Professor (Agronomy)
Water Management Research Centre, Chatha	
Degree to be Awarded	:	Master of Science in Agriculture (Agronomy)	
Year of Award of Degree	:	2022	
Name of University	:	Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu	

ABSTRACT
	The present investigation entitled “Performance of different crop sequences under raised-sunken bed land configuration in waterlogged conditions” was carried at Multiple Water Use Model, SKUAST-J, Chatha, during kharif, 2020 to zaid, 2021. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice with treatments comprising 8 crop sequences i.e. S1 - Basmati Rice (B-370) - Wheat (HD-3086) (Control), S2 - Basmati Rice (B-370) - Wheat (HD-3086) on Raised Beds (50 % Area) + Sunken Beds (50 %Area), S3 - Okra (Varsha Uphaar) - Cauliflower (Girija) - Tomato (Hemsona) on Raised Beds (50 % Area) + Sunken Beds (50 % Area), S4 - Maize (SJPC-1) - Marigold (F1 Hybrid) - Radish (Japanese White) - Mixed fodder (Maize + Lobia + Charri) on Raised Beds (50 % Area) + Sunken Beds (50 % Area), S5 - Black Gram (PU-31) - Potato (Kufri Badshah) - French Bean (Contender) - Mixed fodder (Maize + Lobia + Charri) on Raised Beds (50 % Area) + Sunken Beds (50 % Area), S6 - Black Gram (PU-31) - Knolkhol (JKK-40) - Knolkhol (JKK-40) - Radish (Japanese White) - Cowpea (Super-60) on Raised Beds (50 % Area) + Sunken Beds (50 % Area), S7 - Black Gram (PU-31) - Knolkhol (JKK-40) - Knolkhol (JKK-40) - Radish (Japanese White) - Green Gram (IPM 02-3) on Raised Beds (50 % Area) + Sunken Beds (50 % Area) and S8 - Rice (SD) (IET-1410) - Fenugreek (Local) - Knolkhol (JKK-40) - Green Onion (N-53) - Cowpea (Super-60) on Raised Beds (50 % Area) + Sunken Beds (50 % Area). The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture having bulk density (1.85 g/cc), infiltration rate (31.8 mm/hr) and field capacity (23.20%). Chemical analysis of the soil showed slight alkalinity having pH 7.77 with EC 0.33 dS/m, low organic carbon (0.48%), available nitrogen (208.59 kg/ha) and available phosphorus (8.6 kg/ha) but medium in available potassium (220.38 kg/ha). 
The experimental results revealed that among the different crop sequences, sequence S8 recorded significantly higher basmati rice equivalent yield and production efficiency whereas land use efficiency was significantly superior under sequence S6 and S7. Moisture studies conducted at 15 days interval showed that the moisture content of raised beds ranged from 9.27 - 32.67 % and remained almost at field capacity during entire crop growing period except in zaid. Among all the crops grown under different crop sequences, tomato crop grown under S3 used highest irrigation water but highest sequence irrigation water use was recorded under sequence S8. However, volume of water stored in sunken beds (50 % area) ranged from 1263.89 - 5518.10 m3. Among the sequences, water use was found to be highest under sequence S8 and it also recorded significantly higher water productivity. The fertility status of the soil exhibited non-significant results among the different crop sequences. Economically, the sequence S8 recorded highest gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio along with significantly higher system profitability. On the basis of one year experiment, it may be concluded that sequence S8 i.e., Rice (SD) - fenugreek - knolkhol - green onion - cowpea on raised beds (50 % area) + sunken beds (50 % area) proved to be the most profitable in terms of basmati rice equivalent yield and production efficiency generating more net returns and highest B:C ratio. Hence, sequence S8 is recommended for raised-sunken bed land configuration in waterlogged conditions. Raised beds in 50 % area provided opportunity to diversify and intensify cropping system whereas sunken beds in 50 % area stored enough water for year-round irrigation and can also be used for other enterprises like cultivation of aquatic crops, aquaculture etc.

Keywords: Raised-sunken bed, Land configuration, Crop sequences, Production efficiency, Basmati rice equivalent yield, Waterlogged    conditions

Signature of Major Advisor					Signature of the Student